Photosynthesis in higher plants important points

Photosynthesis in higher plants important points: Photosynthesis in the higher plants refers to the process by which the plants uses light energy from sun, carbon dioxide from  air, and water from soil to produce a compound called  glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. This process occurs in chloroplasts of the leaf, of plant cells, specifically in  chlorophyll present in the thylakoid membranes.

The glucose produced is used as a source of energy and the building material for plant, while oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a by-product. The overall equation for photosynthesis is:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
where CO2 represents carbon dioxide, H2O represents water, light energy represents the energy from sun, C6H12O6 represents glucose, and O2 represents oxygen.

Photosynthesis in higher plants important points, Photosynthesis in higher plants important points, Photosynthesis in higher plants important points, Photosynthesis in higher plants important points, Photosynthesis in higher plants important points

NCERT Biology Class 11 Chapter 13, 25 important points – Photosynthesis in higher plants important points

There are 25 important points on photosynthesis in higher plants:

1. Occurs in chloroplasts of the green plant cells.

2. Carbon dioxide,CO2 ,is taken in from  air through stomata.

3. Uses the sunlight as an energy source.

4. Water is absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves.

5. Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll and the other pigments in the chloroplasts.

6. Light energy is used to split the water molecules into the oxygen and hydrogen ions.

7. Hydrogen ions are used to produce the ATP and NADPH.

8. Carbon dioxide is converted into the glucose through Calvin cycle.

9. Glucose is used as a source of energy and the building material for the plant.

10. Oxygen is released as a by-product of the photosynthesis.

11. Chlorophyll is main pigment involved in the process of photosynthesis.

12. Other pigments, such as the carotenoids and phycobilins, also plays an important role.

13. Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration affects rate of the photosynthesis.

14. Leaves have a large surface area for the maximum light absorption.

15. The stomata regulates the carbon dioxide uptake and water loss.

16. The structure of the chloroplasts and chlorophyll ensures the  efficient energy capture.

17. Photosynthesis is essential for survival of most lives on Earth.

18. Photosynthesis provides foundation of the food chain.

19. Photosynthesis produces the oxygen and helps to regulate the Earth’s atmosphere.

20. Photosynthesis is influenced by the environmental factors such as light, temperature, and the atmospheric composition.

21. Some of the plants, such as C4 and CAM plants, have evolved the adaptations to increase the efficiency in low light and high temperatures.

22. Some of the plants can also perform photosynthesis at night using a process called Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).

23. Photosynthesis can be limited by the factors such as water stress, nutrient deficiencies, and diseases.

24. Advances in the genetic engineering and biotechnology are increasing our understanding of photosynthesis and its potential for improving the crop yields and sustainable energy production.

25. The study of photosynthesis continues to provide the important insights into the processes that sustains the life on Earth and has wide-ranging implications for the environment, food security, and energy production.

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